ON THE POSSİBİLİTİES OF SELF-CONSCİOUSNESS, POLİTİCAL ORDER, AND LİBERTY FROM HEGEL TO FUKUYAMA

Abstract

The emancipatory potential of the political philosophy of Hegel remains a subject that needs to be investigated extensively. The philosophy of Hegel, which is generally characterized wrongly as absolute determinism, has libertarian characteristics because it loads the potential to change the external world to individuals, and connects the development of history to this potential. The idea that historical processes are shaped by transformative and transformative actions of subjects provides a comprehensive metaphysics to increase the possibilities of liberty. Although the idea that the universe operates in a mechanical way reduces the subjects to an apparatus, the idea that the cumulative and directional aspect of history is determinant is fuelled by the claim that the subject has a free will. Like Hegel, Fukuyama also insisted that history has cumulative and directional characteristics. In addition, Fukuyama refers to the importance of the participation in politics and claims that history is shaped by the coordinated actions of subjects. The development of a nation depends on the extent to which the dynamics of intersubjectivity are developed in political sphere. The attempts of the patrimonial state to include and dull everything are undermined by modern democracies. Because modern democracies expand the scope of human communication in a way, which will accelerate the dynamics of change and transformation. In this context, the present article analyses how the understanding of self-consciousness and political order were discussed by Hegel and Fukuyama in a way to increase the possibilities of liberty.