POST-GERÇEK ÇAĞDA GENÇLERİN SİVİL GELİŞİMİ İÇİN MEDENİYETSEL-PSİKOLOJİK BİR ÇERÇEVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21676546Keywords:
Gençlerin Sivil Gelişimi, Eleştirel Bilinç, Post-Gerçek Çağ, Gelenekten Bilgilendirilmiş Rasyonellik, Medeniyetsel PsikolojiAbstract
“Post-hakikat” dönemi, yalnızca yanlış bilgilendirme krizinden ibaret değil; aynı zamanda ortak gelenekler, toplumsal ortak zemin ve miras alınan yargı çerçeveleri gibi sivil yaşamın ahlaki ve epistemik temellerinin giderek zayıfladığı, gençleri –özellikle sivil katılım kapasitelerinin gelişimi bağlamında– ideolojik manipülasyona ve duygusal kutuplaşmaya karşı gelişimsel açıdan savunmasız bırakan daha derin bir durumdur. Bu makale, söz konusu duruma uygun, gençlerin sivil gelişimine yönelik çok boyutlu bir kavramsal çerçeve ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçeve, Şam’daki kentli gençler üzerine yapılan nitel bir araştırmadan esinlenmiştir. Çerçeve, Şam araştırmasında kullanılan bir görüşme kılavuzunu kavramsallaştırmayı ve teorileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Görüşme kılavuzu, araştırmacılara diğer topluluklardaki gençlerin sivil katılım gelişimini anlamalarına yardımcı olacak bir yol önermek amacıyla burada sunulmaktadır. Bu makale, sivil yaşam manzarasını beş düşünürün görüşlerinin bir sentezi olarak ele almakta ve bu sayede sivil yaşamın demokratik, liberal ve seküler anlayışından uzaklaşmaktadır . Bu düşünürler arasında, bireyin gelişimi sürecinde sivil katılım kapasitesinin gelişim ortamı olarak erdemli toplumu ele alan Al-Farabi; medeniyetin çöküşü ve yeniden doğuşun koşullarını inceleyen Malik Bennabi; gelenek temelli sorgulama ve iletişimsel akıl kavramlarını bu çerçeve içinde gelenekten bilgilendirilmiş rasyonalite olarak sentezleyen MacIntyre ve Habermas; ve çatışmanın siyasi ve agonistik olarak kontrol altına alınmasını ele alan Chantal Mouffe yer almaktadır. Bu çerçeve, birbirini tamamlayan iki model etrafında düzenlenmiştir. Birinci model, sivil gelişimi sosyal, psikolojik ve medeniyetçi (tarihsel, coğrafi ve etik/anlam yaratma) olmak üzere üç boyutta bir insan süreci olarak ele alır ve makro-yapısal güçleri, mekâna bağlılığı, duygusal etkinliği ve medeniyet mirasını bütünleştirmeye yönelik fikirler sunar. İkinci model ise sivil katılımı belirli faaliyetler olarak üç kategoriye ayırmaktadır: geleneksel ve geleneksel olmayan sivil/siyasi katılım ile aile, eğitim, inanç toplulukları, iş, yerellik ve medya aracılığıyla yaşam içindeki katılım gibi sıklıkla ihmal edilen bir kategori. Bu çerçeve, eleştirel bilinci, rasyonaliteye dayalı olmasının yanı sıra ahlaki yönelimli bir psikolojik uygulama olarak yeniden ele alır; makalenin “Gelenekten bilgilendirilmiş rasyonellik” olarak adlandırdığı şeye dayandırır ve sürdürülebilir ve başarılı bir sivil katılım gelişimi için entegrasyon ve yeniden düşünme açısından üç hayati alan önerir: bilişsel dayanıklılık, duygusal ve etik destek yapıları ile uluslarüstü, ulusal ve bölgesel katılım kanallarının yanı sıra yerel topluluk ortamlarında uygulamalı sivil katılım fırsatları.
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